What are the formal requirements for a valid Birkat Kohanim?
Synopsis
The Mechaber enumerates four indispensable requirements: (1) in the Hebrew language (lashon hakodesh), (2) standing (amidah), (3) with outstretched palms (nesiat kapayim), and (4) in a loud voice. The Mishnah Berurah, citing the Gra and others, notes that all four are biblical in origin and are indispensable even after the fact (l'atra'ah). There is also a requirement of face-to-face orientation (derived by the Gemara). The MB also notes that a Kohen who cannot raise his hands may not bless, while one who can raise them briefly should do so during the words and lower them during the melody.
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