If one recited Shema in one's heart due to illness or unavoidable circumstances, did one fulfill the obligation?

PrayerShema

Synopsis

The Mechaber rules that reciting Shema mentally (without speech) due to illness or unavoidable circumstances fulfills the obligation. The Rema extends this to unclean places l'chatchila. Commentators debate whether this is full fulfillment or a lesser credit when speech is impossible.

Early Acharonim
Late Acharonim
Lenient
Strict
Lesser cited
Major authority

Discussion

Discussion coming soon.

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