Must one make the words of Shema audible to one's own ears, and what is the ruling if one did not?

PrayerShema

Synopsis

The Mechaber rules that ideally one should make the words audible to one's own ears, but if not done, the obligation is still fulfilled provided the lips moved. Commentators clarify the source and scope of this requirement.

Rishonim
Early Acharonim
Late Acharonim
Lenient
Strict
Lesser cited
Major authority

Discussion

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