What direction must one face when praying, based on one's location?
Synopsis
One must orient toward the Holy of Holies through progressively nested landmarks: Diaspora→Eretz Yisrael, Eretz Yisrael→Jerusalem, Jerusalem→Temple, behind the Ark→face the Ark. One standing in Diaspora focuses on all nested levels simultaneously.
More in Direction of Prayer
When one prays facing a direction other than toward Eretz Yisrael, how should the face be oriented?
4 opinions
Should Ashkenazi synagogues in Eastern Europe orient the ark precisely toward Eretz Yisrael (southeast) or due east?
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When the congregation prays toward a direction (e.g., where the ark is placed) that is not due east, may an individual pray facing east instead?
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When one cannot determine the directions, how should one pray?
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May one who is riding an animal or traveling pray while in motion rather than stopping to pray standing?
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When one is seated for the entire Amidah due to travel, must one stand for the bowing passages and take three steps back?
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May a sick person pray while lying on their side?
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May one pray seated when surrounded by non-Jews who may interrupt or cause financial loss?
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