Is it permitted to recite scriptural texts (dvarim shebichtav) by heart, without reading from a written text?

PrayerRecitation

Synopsis

The Talmud establishes that written texts may not be recited from memory. The question is whether this prohibition is absolute or limited to specific circumstances, such as when fulfilling others' obligations.

Early Acharonim
Late Acharonim
Lenient
Strict
Lesser cited
Major authority

Discussion

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