How should the congregation respond to Modim DeRabbanan—do they say it with the prayer leader, or remain silent?

Should the congregation bow during Modim DeRabbanan, and if so, how much?

4 opinions across 3 eras

Should the congregation bow at the beginning and/or end of Modim DeRabbanan?

7 opinions

How should the congregation conclude Modim DeRabbanan—should the closing blessing include the Divine Name?

4 opinions across 3 eras

When the prayer leader says Modim, should the congregation bow throughout or straighten up when the Divine Name is mentioned?

4 opinions

When there are no Kohanim to perform Birkat Kohanim, what blessing should the prayer leader recite as a substitute?

4 opinions across 3 eras

Should the congregation answer 'Amen' or 'May it be Your will' after the prayer leader's substitute Birkat Kohanim?

4 opinions across 3 eras

Should the prayer leader recite the substitute Birkat Kohanim formula even when Kohanim are present but not lifting their hands?

3 opinions

Is saying the substitute Birkat Kohanim formula required l'chatchila (initially), and what happens b'dieved (if omitted)?

2 opinions